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Strayer 24

12/10/2012

50 Comments

 
Woo Hoo! Let's do 24! You got lot's of this last year, so this should go well for you, if you do the work!
Okay, okay, I'll lead off with a big picture question. This first one is awesome, and you should go find this stuff on your own, cause, um, it's like, important?
1. To what extent did the processes discussed in this chapter (economic globalization, feminism, fundamentalism, environmentalism) represent something new in the twentieth century? In what respects did they have roots in the more distant past?


Economic globalization was a long-term process that began early in human history. It increased in scope and intensity after 1500 as a new global network centered in Europe took shape and industrialization further spurred economic contact between regions. Nonetheless, after a decline in global trade during the Great Depression, developments after World War II— including population growth, technological advances, and the promotion of global trade by the leading powers of the capitalist world—have all led to further rapid economic globalization.

Feminism in the twentieth century had its roots in the ideals of the Atlantic revolutions (mainly the French and American) and the first feminist movements of the nineteenth century. However, the spread of feminism outside the Western world and the emergence of the women’s liberation movement within the Western world during the twentieth century are important new developments.

Fundamentalism at its core was a reaction to the modernity that took shape during the nineteenth century, and elements of this reaction can be found in that century. Nonetheless, fundamentalism in the twentieth century became better defined and more widespread than before.

Environmentalism began in the nineteenth century as Romantic poets like William Blake and William Wordsworth denounced the “dark satanic mills” of the industrial era, which threatened the “green and pleasant land” of an earlier England. The “scientific management” of nature, both in industrializing countries and in European colonies, represented another element of emerging environmental awareness among a few. So did the “wilderness idea,” which aimed to preserve untouched areas from human disruption. But none of these movements attracted the mass following or provoked the global response that the environmental movement of the twentieth century achieved.

50 Comments
Camille
13/10/2012 07:49:03

No questions on this yet but give me a couple hours.

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Jeremiah Pratt
13/10/2012 12:43:57

Hey Bingham. I apologize that it took me so long to get on here and post. I also apologize for the fact that none of my classmates have posted. Anyways..

What factors contributed to economic globalization during the twentieth century?

•First of all, this economic globalization really didn't start until after WWII because states turned inwards and economies collapsed.
•After WWII, the capitalist victors, led by the US, were determined to avoid a return to the Great Depression.
•The World Band and the International Monetary Fund were created at a conference in Bretton Woods, NH.
•Technological advances contributed to economic globalization
-New forms of transportation lowered shipping costs
-Communication systems were being developed
-Population growth allowed new nations to enter the world economy

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Jeremiah Pratt
13/10/2012 12:44:39

Edit: for the first bullet point, I should add that they turned inward after WWI

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Bingham
13/10/2012 13:18:25

Holy crap Jeremiah! Nice work, I actually have nothing to add.

Bingham
14/10/2012 08:19:20

It just occurred to me that the collapse of communism contributed to globalization, i.e. Russia, China, et al. are now part of the global economy.

Jeremiah Pratt
13/10/2012 12:51:27

Second margin question.

In what ways has economic globalization linked the world's peoples more closely together?

•World trade skyrocketed
•Money and goods achieved global mobility
-foreign direct investment
-short term capital movement
-International credit cards
•Workers on the move from country to country

If this isn't in depth enough, or if it is off base completely, please somebody comment and let me know

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Bingham
13/10/2012 13:22:42

That's plenty deep, and rock solid. I hope others are seeing how to tackle Strayer. It would be foolish of them to just read your work and not dig for themselves.
I'll tackle another big picture question in the morning. Meanwhile, it would be awesome if someone could add another margin question.

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sofia michaleides
15/10/2012 11:46:34

also, the existence of transnational corporations added to the accelerated globalization because they produced so many goods at such a great scale selling internationally, and also having the ability to move from place to place in order to find cheap labor and the least restrictive environmental regulations

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sofia michaelides
15/10/2012 11:47:11

okay fail i misspelled my last name.

Bingham
15/10/2012 11:56:11

Right! Transnationals, I should have caught that well done, even if you can't spell your name!

Steffannie Alter
13/10/2012 13:38:24

May I give one of the other margin review questions a try?

"What new or sharper divisions has economic globalization generated?"

Economic globalization generated a division between the rich industrial countries and everyone else. It was demonstrated through differences in income, medical care, availability of drinking water, educational and employment opportunities, and access to the internet. Between wealthy and poor countries, there have been disagreements on the rules for world trade, terms of foreign aid, representation in international economic organizations, indebtedness, and environmental and labor standards. There have been disparities among developing countries themselves, and within individual nations, a global division of labor has cost jobs. Globalization has also created economic divisions between those in rural and urban areas.

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Jeremiah Pratt
13/10/2012 15:09:39

I would just like to add a bit about the antiglobalization movement that developed as a result of these differences...

•These groups were made up of political activists, scholars, students, women's and religious organizations, and others
•These people agreed that neo-liberal globalization was unfair to poorer countries
•These people made aware that "neo liberal globalization was not inevitable, and the processes of a globalized economy should be regulated and subjected to public accountability"

Bingham, do you agree that this movement, as an outcome of the divisions caused by economic globalization, is significant?

Reply
Bingham
14/10/2012 08:29:40

I do. As a matter of fact, like Strayer, I think it very likely that future generations will look back on our era and view this as the most significant historical force of the time. It's the underlying theme de Blij puts forward and it's been around since the '70's - oh, you in the West want us to be careful with the environment and nuclear proliferation and using non-renewable resources while you bloat yourselves on energy, and food and medicine without regard for the planet? It's a tough sell. We have reached the moment in human history when we have to remember that we are all one, all together on a finite planet, that we have far more in common than differences. We have to focus on what we share and ignore petty differences.

Bingham
14/10/2012 08:23:49

Spot on Stephanie! Your prose is good, this could also be created as a table. The thing to emphasize is the split between those who support it (globalization) and those who don't; all of whom have differing motives. Sounds like we're talking about The Power of Place again, huh?

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Bingham
14/10/2012 08:43:05

Okay, another contribution to the homework effort. I think the big picture questions are tougher and require a bit more background knowledge, so I'll take on another:

To what extent do you think the various liberation movements of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries— communism, nationalism, democracy, feminism, internationalism—have achieved their goals? (the "to what extent" verb is a tough one, and one you guys aren't used to it - it essentially asks you to place your argument on a continuum, a spectrum of possible answers to the topic of the question, you'll see it more in APUSH than WHAP), (oh, an I hate that Strayer used the second person, argh!, doesn't he know I'm fighting to break you of that habit? My answer will be in third person!)

Communism achieved a great deal before the 1970s, but it has since largely disintegrated as a movement.

Nationalism continues to to be a dominant force in the world today, with national self-determination still accepted as an idea in the international community. That said, the acceleration of globalization decreased the centrality of the nation-state as an identity, (one would hope that that trend continues).

Democracy has produced mixed results, having an important impact in places like India while failing, at least initially, elsewhere (such as Africa). However, the democratic movement has gained in strength, especially over the last several decades with the disintegration of the communist world and the expansion of democracy in Africa. The Arab Spring appears to be a significant movement in the direction of democracy, yet to be determined is whether fundamentalist groups, military leaders, and/or other anti-Western factions will hijack the democratic movements.

Feminism grew as a movement in the twentieth century. In the West, it developed distinctive new strands, including women’s liberation and a movement among women of color. Perhaps more importantly, feminism moved beyond the Western world, with distinctive strands developing across the globe.

Internationalism certainly increased alongside globalization, with new organizations like the United Nations emerging and with new mass organizations that cross borders (like Greenpeace and the Red Cross) taking shape. One would expect the proliferation of social media will accelerate this process.

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Bingham
14/10/2012 09:35:34

Okay, one last one for free, them I'm going to, um, relax...

What differences emerged between environmentalism in the Global North and that in the Global South?

Both activists and governments in the developing countries have often felt that Northern plans to address atmospheric pollution and global warming would inhibit their industrial development, leaving the North/South gap intact.
Another North/South difference arose over the export of hazardous wastes generated in rich Northern countries to disposal sites in the developing countries. Yuk!

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Elizabeth Martinsen
15/10/2012 13:04:58

Thanks Bingham!!!!!

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Natalia Kian
14/10/2012 11:57:06

Allow me to try my luck at the very first margin question of the chapter, one i actually hope will be on the test because it ties into the first big picture question:
Q: What factors contributed to economic globalization in the twentieth century?
A: A determination after WW2 by captitalist victors (led by the US) to avoid a return to depression-like conditions set the "Bretton Woods system" in motion and spurred the founding of the world bank and International Monetary Fund as ways of supporting a new global market. Technology - containerized shipping, oil tankers and air express services - made transportation of goods easier and therefore far less costly on a global scale. Population growth (when tied to growing economies and modernizing societies) played its part as multiple new, eager nations sought modern develpoment. And at the heart of it all, peoples across the globe were beginning to see neoliberalism (the viewing of the entire world as a single market) as more rational and acceptable than ever before, creating a global enthusiasm for an international market.

That's all I got. Anything else you guys can think of?

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Bingham
15/10/2012 08:06:59

Um, improved communications?

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Bingham
14/10/2012 11:57:16

You bore me.

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Bingham
15/10/2012 07:10:19

You don't bore me Natalia, the people who don't post do! I think we made those posts at the same time!

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Amanda Friefeld
14/10/2012 13:09:37

3rd margin question:
What distinguished feminism in the industrialized countries from that of the Global South?
In industrialized countries woman wanted liberation from marriage, motherhood, and the household. Their movement was also based on sexuality. They protested with the faux mothers day parade and by interfeering with the miss america pagent. They also discarded of "instruments of opression" like high heels, bras, and hair removal products.
Women in the global south took a different approach and were restentful to feminism movements in the global north. Their feminism movement was not gender based but activated by struggles for independence, poverty, development, political repression and revolutions. Women wanted a part in society and the community and to feel empowered. They did this by forming support groups that worked on community projects and other buissnesses and services. With these groups they changed things like the Family Law Code to help them acheive what they wanted in the community. They also fought against militairy dictatiorships and the use of sweat shops.
if i missed anything or went off the deep end with this let me know. Thanks.

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Bingham
15/10/2012 08:11:09

Awesome...if you are working this hard and thinking this clearly, I think you are going to really start killing the tests and quizzes!

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Sofia Michaelides
15/10/2012 12:37:37

okay... so im going to take a crack at the section on fundamentalism since no ones gone there yet.. here we go

okay so this first one i was a little shakey on so input is appreciated

in what respects did various religious fundamentalisms of the 20th century express hositlity to global modernity?

-propaganda efforts, political mobilization of followers of fundamentalist movements, social welfare programs, violence
-christian fundamentalists interfering in political scene in America, demanding return to fundamentalist ideas
-sought to separate themselves from secular world ^
-the hindutva movement emerged in India protesting effort of the state to benefit non-hindus, seen as outsiders


In what different ways did Islamic renewal express itself?

-common people became more religiously observant
-women adopted modest islamic dress and veil
-participation in sufi mystical practices increased
-governemnt- Islamic rhetoric and practices including changes in methods of punishment and total ban of alcohol in sudan
-islamic renewal organizations emerging all over islamic world to provide social services
- islamic renewal groups sought to violently overthrow compromised muslim regimes
-islamic revolutionaries (osama bin laden, for example) taking aim at hostile foreign powers

thnks. input=good

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Bingham
15/10/2012 13:21:04

Solid and complete. Well done!

Reply
Christina Hong
15/10/2012 13:05:51

I know that Amanda has already answered this question, but I had a slightly different approach to this one. I'm not sure if this is what you're looking for:

What distinguished feminism in the industrialized countries from that of the Global South?

West
*issues of women related to gender. (too individualistic, too focused on sexuality according to the Global South)
*feminism movement in the West evolved from focus on voting rights to focus on employment and education
*black women in the West focused on racism in poverty, less focus on patriarchy than white women in the West
*there was no dictatorship in the West
*US wanted to limit agenda to matters of political and civil rights for women

Global South
*issues of women not necessarily related to gender; related to colonialism, racism, the struggle for independence, poverty, development, political oppression, and sometimes revolution
*no evolution
*no black/white division on issues of feminism
*women's movement spurred from dictatorship and resulted in democracy
*wanted to include issues of economic justice, decolonization, and disarmament

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Natalia Kian
15/10/2012 14:35:09

I made myself a T-chart for this one, Christina. You just vastly improved it.

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Bingham
15/10/2012 13:23:35

Nicely succinct Christina. I like your table like format, easier to remember..

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Elizabeth Martinsen
15/10/2012 13:25:10

Okay, so I am putting the last question up here. I probably didn't get everything, so just add as needed!

What differences emerged between environmentalism in the global north and global south?

-South felt that the North's intentions to control pollution would hinder their attempts to industrialize and develop

-arguments over wealthy countries exporting dangerous waste

-U.S. did not ratify Kyoto protocol

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Bingham
15/10/2012 22:40:28

Um, Elizabeth, I answered that one! But yours is more complete referencing the Kyoto Protocol.

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Natalia Kian
15/10/2012 13:55:47

Just thought I'd point out something I picked up on: a little term called political globalization. It plays a major role in fundamentalism. I define it as - the projecting of religious values, beliefs and systems into the political playing field as way of reason and also political policy/appeal.

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Bingham
15/10/2012 14:06:46

Absolutely Natalia, you are a bit beyond our scope here, but that's totally relevant, as in the American Empire.

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Elizabeth Martinsen
15/10/2012 15:02:22

What about what I put.....

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Bingham
15/10/2012 22:42:38

Elizabeth, I occasionally do this thing called "sleep"!

Natalia Kian
15/10/2012 15:03:53

Oh gosh, I meant "politicalization of religion" not "political globalization". My brain is fried.

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Christian Cortes
15/10/2012 15:57:33

Alright so i'm going to take a stab at this one

From what sources did Islamic renewal movements derive?

First off, Islamic activism didn't gain strength until the last quarter of the century due to enormous disappointments in the Muslim world.
-the policies of Egypt, Iran, Algeria and other countries were not successful
-vastly overcrowded cities with few services, widespread unemployment, pervasive corruption, slow economic growth, and a mounting gap between the rich and poor were all factors


hope i didnt screw up(;

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Bingham
16/10/2012 11:05:14

What about influences from the West, i.e. backlash against policies?

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Marlene Marlowe
18/10/2012 15:48:14

You forgot the signs of western penetration into the Muslim culture caused a resist to the seductive, "poisonous" culture of the West (i.e. barbie dolls, alcohol, secular schools, european movies, and scantily clad women). Meaning they began to see too must western influence in their society, and tried to push it out, to make religious purity in a sense.

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Bingham
16/10/2012 11:07:17

One last contribution:

“The twentieth century marks the end of the era of Western dominance in world history.” What evidence might support this statement? What evidence might contradict it?

To support the statement, the end of European colonial empires and the emergence of national self-determination; the weakening of European powers because of the two world wars; the rise of a number of developing nations, including India and China; the reaction against Western cultural influences, especially in the Islamic world; and the emergence of communism as a rival system to the Western capitalist model.

Evidence that contradicts the statement includes the continued influence of Europe and the United States as political and military powers and on the world economy; the continued cultural influence of Europe and the United States; and the collapse of communist states in the final decades of the twentieth century.

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Victoria Wren
17/10/2012 14:40:53

Let me try! *nervous*
What differences emerged between environmentalism in the Global North and that in the Global South?

-Northern initiatives addressed atmospheric pollution and global warming would curtail their industrial development
-The developed countries don't want to give up their extravagant lifestyles, but plan to curtail our development
-another North/South issue arose over the export of wastes, generated in the rich countries

might not be as good as most ppl, but hey! I tried XP
if its not a great answer, look on page 752! good luck tomorrow!

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Marlene Marlowe
17/10/2012 15:33:59

I don't have any questions yet on the chapter, I probably will tomorrow, but I wanted to say I noticed Stayer uses the word notion a lot. Actually wait I do have a question, can someone explain to me what self-determination really means? I'm not following that.

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Bingham
18/10/2012 03:43:25

:-/ What gives you the notion that he says "notion" a lot? I'm going to guess you're focusing on the wrong things. :-) Self determination (which you could google) means people having the right to decide on their own government, you know, not monarchies or dictatorships? It also refers to the right of nations to govern within their own borders. So it depends on the context. Get it?

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Marlene Marlowe
18/10/2012 04:16:33

Oh yeah I know I wasn't seriously looking into the notion thing I just think it's kind of funny he chooses to use it so much. It doesn't really mean anything of significance. About self-determination, I just needed reassurance on that. Thanks :)

Giovanni
17/10/2012 15:35:20

Just wanted to post this up here since I noticed no ones talked about it. Don't know if it's going to be on the test, and I don't care, the whole point of class is to learn right? So here I go.

Although its important to understand fundamentalism it's also equally as important to understand how religion modernized in order to, in a sense, stay alive. For instance Sufi Devotionalism when it comes to Islam, which believes in improving the welfare of women and children and the possibility of democracy while at the same time keeping in mind the sharia (or Islamic word of god if you still haven't caught that from the reading). Another example would be in Christianity, I don't like his examples so I'm going to use my own. There is a pastor by the name of Joel Osteen, and I find him to be a perfect example of how Christianity modernized. He preaches in basically a stadium (here in Houston) and has his sermon broadcasted nationwide, he also has a podcast, and has written several best seller books. That's just something I feel is a great example of how religion sort of modernized in order to reach this rapidly modernizing crowd.

Once again I'm not saying to go put this on the test, I just noticed no one talked about it and that since strayer made a pretty big deal about it you know, might as well learn something from it.

Reply
Bingham
18/10/2012 03:44:26

Great point Giovanni, and a great example. Thanks for actually engaging with the text and the class!

Reply
Marlene Marlowe
18/10/2012 15:22:45

I thought I'd take a chance at not only answering but re-wording this question because I thought the use of words was a bit excessive.

In what respect did the various religious fundamentalisms of the twentieth century express hostility to global modernity?

My version was: In what ways did various religious fundamentalisms express hostility towards global modernity (modern technology) in the twentieth century?

- Extensive educational and propaganda efforts, political mobilization of their followers (meaning trying to make a large group of people following the same beliefs, in extreme cases taking over entire countries and making a theocracy), social welfare programs, and sometimes violence. (terrorist attacks, mass murders, holocausts, etc.)

I feel like I'm missing something though. I wouldn't be surprised if I was missing a huge chunk. Critique me on my answer?

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Marlene Marlowe
18/10/2012 15:22:50

I thought I'd take a chance at not only answering but re-wording this question because I thought the use of words was a bit excessive.

In what respect did the various religious fundamentalisms of the twentieth century express hostility to global modernity?

My version was: In what ways did various religious fundamentalisms express hostility towards global modernity (modern technology) in the twentieth century?

- Extensive educational and propaganda efforts, political mobilization of their followers (meaning trying to make a large group of people following the same beliefs, in extreme cases taking over entire countries and making a theocracy), social welfare programs, and sometimes violence. (terrorist attacks, mass murders, holocausts, etc.)

I feel like I'm missing something though. I wouldn't be surprised if I was missing a huge chunk. Critique me on my answer?

Reply
nana the ownage cupcake!!!!!!!
13/6/2013 17:32:46

nana is not liking any of this.... all garbage.

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bob
13/6/2013 17:33:18

i agree with nana, this is all bullshit.

Reply
danny666
13/6/2013 17:33:50

wtf? none of this makes sense...... fucking useless cunts...

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