Strayer 17 Revolution

10/2/2013

BPQ2: Do revolutions originate in oppression and injustice, in the weakening of political authorities, in new ideas, or in the activities of small groups of determined activists?

Revolutions originate for all of these reasons. For instance, oppression and injustice was at the heart of the Haitian Revolution.

The weakening of political authorities played a particular role in the Latin American and French revolutions.

The new ideas of the Enlightenment influenced the American, French, Haitian, and Latin American revolutions.

The activities of small groups of determined people were especially central to the feminist revolution.

BPQ3: “The influence of revolutions endured long after they ended.” To what extent does this chapter support or undermine this idea?

This chapter strongly supports this assertion—the opening pages reflect on the impact of the French Revolution on the Tiananmen Square demonstration in China in 1989.

The Reflections section at the end of the chapter also emphasizes the long-term implications of the French Revolution when it opens with a comment by the Chinese revolutionary leader Zhou Enlai, who in 1976 famously said that it was still “too early to say” what he thought about the French Revolution.

Within the chapter, the Echoes of Revolution section focuses on long-term repercussions of the Atlantic revolutions in the abolition of slavery, the rise of nations and nationalism, and the emergence of the feminist movement.

27 Comments

Christina Hong

10/2/2013 12:12:22

What was distinctive about the Haitian Revolution, both in world history generally and in the history of Atlantic Revolutions?

•the only completely successful slave revolt in world history
•overthrow of French colonial rule
•second independent republic in the Americas
•first non-European state to emerge from Western colonialism
•inspired other slave rebellions
•temporary expansion of slavery elsewhere
•Napoleon's defeat in Haiti led him to sell French territories (Louisiana Purchase) to the United States
•injected a deep caution and social conservatism in the elites that led their countries to independence, especially in Latin America
•direct confrontation of an emerging racism (?)

Bingham

10/2/2013 12:50:25

Your last point is on the mark. Remember that.

patrick

11/2/2013 09:29:04

"In what ways did the ideas of Enlightenment contribute to the Atlantic revolutions?"

-There was this radical notion that human political and social arrangements could be engineered by Human thought
-The Right of the king, state control of trade, aristocratic privilege, the authority of a single church were all considered non sacrosanct(sacred or very holy) and came under alot of attack
-Liberty, equality, free trade, religious tolerance, republicanism and human rationality were in the air.
-Idea of "popular sovereignty" was also in the air.
-The idea that "It is possible and desirable to start over in the construction of human communities".

Hmm not much action this week on the forum

Bingham

11/2/2013 10:45:02

Right? Well I'm still here, and this post is about a central notion to understanding the modern world, the world we inhabit. And therefore just the kind of question I'd ask on a summative exam.

Mish

11/2/2013 11:36:19

How did the French revolution differ from the American revolution?
-the American revolution revolution expressed the tensions of a colonial relationship with a distant imperial power whereas the French revolution was driven by sharp conflicts within the French society
-colonial America had no titled aristocracy that could participate in the rulings of the English parliament whereas the French had a small aristocracy that could
-the French revolution was originally an effort to establish a constitutional hierarchy whereas the american revolution was an attempt to create a conservative democracy (except for women and colored people)
-the French revolution caused massive genocide and execution of thousands of deemed enemies whereas no such thing ever occurred on such a massive scale
-the French were trying to create a new government whereas the Americans attempted to build upon old ideas and traditions

Help me out here, because I think I'm missing one or two.

Mish

11/2/2013 11:45:38

oh and
-French revolutionary influence spread through conquest whereas American revolutionary independence spread by it's example of revolution and its constitution

Bingham

11/2/2013 12:42:01

I see lots of great direct comparisons!

Christina Hong

11/2/2013 14:41:41

I also added that while the American revolution was sudden and unexpected, the French revolution was a result of accumulated tensions amongst classes.

Bingham

11/2/2013 16:08:46

Yeah, in hindsight, the French Rev was inevitable because of the food shortages and the.long term resentment among the lower classes, the third estate. The American in contrast was a shock as these were well off, landed and educated folks in revolt.

Steffannie Alter

11/2/2013 12:01:26

What accounts for the end of Atlantic slavery during the nineteenth century?

Enlightenment thinkers had become more critical of slavery as a violation of peoples' natural rights. The American and French revolution pronouncements about liberty and equality also focused on this. A religious voice was added by the Quakers and Protestant evangelicals who said slavery was repugnant to their religion. There was also a growing belief that slavery wasn't necessary for economic progress since England and New England were prosperous despite being slave-free. Therefore, slavery was considered out of date and unnecessary. Additionally, slave rebellions that were brutally crushed indicated that slaves weren't "contented," and people were appalled by the harshness with which they were repressed. Britain's abolition of slavery also caused other nations to follow suit due to Britain's leading economic and military power.

Steffannie Alter

11/2/2013 12:08:31

How did the end of slavery affect the lives of former slaves?

The economic lives of former slaves didn't improve dramatically. Only in Haiti was land redistributed. However, some former slaves were able to practice independent peasant agriculture. In the southern United States, technically free but highly dependent labor replaced slavery. Many former slaves were reluctant to continue working on plantations, creating labor shortages that brought new indentured servants across the world.
Newly freed people didn't achieve political equality anywhere except Haiti. They endured segregation laws and racism and were denied voting rights.
In Russia, peasants received land after serfdom ended, but they had to pay for it with "redemption dues" that, coupled with the rapid population growth, kept most peasants impoverished.

Emily Wallace

13/2/2013 13:59:54

8. What accounts for the growth of nationalism as a powerful political and personal identity in the nineteenth century?

there was an idea that peoples existed based on a shared language, culture, economically, political, etc. and had a destiny to unite and become a certain thing.
this helped fragment Europe
created nations that are multiple of these things created the notion of a nation based on an idea or a mission
Nation vs. Nationalism
nation was the geographical version of where nationalism should be
nationalism was the culture of a certian region generalaly in the geography of a nation
nationalism sparked racism
people who share this nationalism (culture)are apart of the nation
(geographically)

Emily Wallace

13/2/2013 14:01:44

9. What were the achievements and limitations of nineteenth-century feminism?

concentration on suffrage
expanded property rights
expanded divorce rights
expanded legal rights - right to bring cases to court
right to education
right to get employment - nursing, social, and teaching
right to VOTE!
right to legally manage their own money

Steffannie Alter

13/2/2013 14:29:04

Just to try and be a little bit more specific with a few of these:

-Some women were admitted to universities.
-Female literacy rates rose.
-In some states, women could control their property and wages.
-The right to vote was achieved for women in some states, the first of which was New Zealand.

Additionally, previously taboo sexual topics were now discussed more openly, as was the proper role of women.

Emily Wallace

13/2/2013 14:01:49

patrick song

13/2/2013 14:19:42

I would say for limitations(because it looks like you didn't list any) that:
-bitter opposition arose. Idea that education and life strains would create reproductive damage.
- states soon cracked down firmly, forbidding women from joining political parties or even attending political meetings.
-limited political participation

Emily Wallace

13/2/2013 15:51:17

oh yes your right thanks, i must have forgotten about that

Emily Wallace

13/2/2013 14:02:00

Emily Wallace

13/2/2013 14:02:32

Emily Wallace

13/2/2013 14:02:39

Emily Wallace

13/2/2013 14:02:50

Emily Wallace

13/2/2013 14:03:37

Emily Wallace

13/2/2013 14:05:52

Oh my god my computer is so stupid. It kept on saying error, try again. Sorry about that.

Emily Wallace

13/2/2013 14:08:25

5. How were the Spanish American revolutions shaped by the American, French, and Haitian revolutions that happened earlier?
Spanish American strategy was highly authorized and oppressive hand was forced to revolution because Napoleon overthrew the colonial power which made the elites form a new order to keep the Indians and lower classes down and to assert their independence in rule however they had to aspire them so they created the Americano which means American by birth they have to either assert their own independence or go with France of course the church is against the french because the french are anti religion

Emily Wallace

13/2/2013 14:11:32

that one needs help. Anyone out there?

Christina Hong

13/2/2013 22:23:14

I think you should include some direct comparisons or specific references to the French, American, and Haitian revolutions:

•as in America, creoles were offended and insulted by the Spanish monarchy's efforts to exercise greater power over its colonies by raising taxes and tariffs
•creole intellectuals familiarized themselves with the notions of popular sovereignty, republican government, and personal liberty from the European Enlightenment
•through the violence of the French and Haitian revolutions, Latin American elites were aware that political change could easily get out of hand
•Americano nationalist leaders were influenced by ideas from the Enlightenment and the French Revolution

Emily Wallace

13/2/2013 14:16:15

2. What was revolutionary about the American Revolution and what was not?
Revolutionary
it was in the new world
it was the first to use guerrilla warfare which means unconventional military tactics
not revolutionary
american rev. had a struggle for a declaration of independence
brought a conservative movement
expressed ideas of enlightenment (local power)
new society within the society itself
express ideas of rights of man
Not Revolutionary
political authority remained in elites
did not grow out of social tensions
no women or people of color emerged from this revolution
preserved the freedoms that they already enjoyed
little expansion of power to other classes

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Strayer 17 Revolution

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