Wait for it...the Mongols!

1/11/2014

Isabella Jarosz

1/11/2014 08:50:21

Here's my stab at MQ1:
1. In what ways did pastoral societies differ from their agricultural counterparts?
Pastoral societies had less productive economies and a greater need for large grazing areas, which meant they supported far smaller populations than agricultural societies did. People lived in related kinship-based groups or clans that claimed a common ancestry instead of villages and towns. Values stressed equality and individual achievement were strong, as opposed to agricultural societies, where there were considerable inequalities. However, in some pastoral societies clan were ranked as noble or commoner, and considerable differences emerged between wealth aristocrats owning large flocks of animals and poor herders. Nomadic societies offered women a higher status, fewer restrictions, and a greater role in public life. In Mongolian society specifically, the remarriage of widows carried none of the negative connotations that it among the Chinese, and women could initiate divorce (among other examples).

Elizabeth BB

1/11/2014 10:09:38

Additionally, nomads lived a life largely controlled by the environment as they sought to systematically follow the seasonal changes in vegetation and water supply.

Lorenz

1/11/2014 10:56:52

Diggin' the CC refrence Mr. Bingham.

Bingham

2/11/2014 00:50:24

Here's one for free.

In what ways did pastoral societies interact with their agricultural neighbors?

Economically, nomads sought access to the foodstuffs, manufactured goods, and luxury items available only from their agricultural neighbors.

Politically and militarily, pastoral peoples at times came together to extract wealth from agricultural societies through trading, raiding, or extortion.

Culturally, members of some pastoral societies adopted the religions of their agricultural neighbors, including Judaism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, and Manichaeism.

Bingham

2/11/2014 01:22:52

Don't forget this little gem for your studying pleasure....
http://youtu.be/szxPar0BcMo

Allie Elkhadem

2/11/2014 04:30:38

Here's my answer to MQ #2: In what ways did pastoral societies interact with their agricultural neighbors?

- Pastoral societies wanted access to foods and goods that could only be found in agricultural societies
- Nomadic states and alliances were created and sustained as they extracted wealth from agricultural societies by military action and trading
- Nomadic people often adopted foreign religions of agricultural states. Often times leaders converted to better interact politically

Hank Bond

4/11/2014 11:33:45

I think i found one more, and thats that pastoral peoples created technologies (Strayer did not specify examples) that swept across the eurasian steppes

Allie Elkhadem

2/11/2014 06:56:19

MQ #5 (Identify the major steps in the rise of the Mongol empire):

1) Temujin forms ally with more powerful tribal leaders and has a military victory which allows him to be a chief and acquire followers.
2) Temujin rises to power and is renamed Chinggis Khan making him the leader of a powerful army united around the goal of expansion,
3) The Mongol world war facilitated the creation of the largest land based empire.

I don't know if this 100% correct and if missing something. Opinions?

Elizabeth BB

2/11/2014 07:19:46

To the first point, I would add that Chines patrons supported Temujin's and the tribal leaders' alliance

Savanna Lim

2/11/2014 07:32:08

MQ 3: In what ways did the Xiongnu, Arabs, and Turks make an impact on world history?

Xiong Nu:
-They created a political system later Turkic and mongol empires followed (centralized & hierarchal political system ruled by a divine ruler)
-Also played a role in the collapse & rebuilding of the Chinese empire

Arabs:
-carried with them arabic culture and ISLAM
-developed a reliable camel saddle, which allowed them to possess a military advantage and control rich trade routes
-camel nomads provided force that established arab empire

Turks:
- raided, allied with, extorted, traded with neighbouring civs.
- language and culture also spread e.g yoghurt thinned with water was enjoyed by some Chinese
- Spread Islam to new areas
- Invaded northern india: spread islam that eventually became sikhism
-invaded anatolia: islam became the dominant religion of the region

Aidan

4/11/2014 08:59:37

don't forget that the Turks went on to create the Ottoman Empire. which became a big thing later on.

Allie Elkhadem

2/11/2014 08:14:28

I'm having a difficult time with margin question #7 (How did Mongol rule change China? In what ways were the Mongols changed by China?). Can someone please post their answer to this question so I know what direction to go in when answering this? Thanks

Allie Elkhadem

2/11/2014 08:54:19

Here's another one!

MQ # 8: How was Mongol rule in Persia different from that of China?

1. The Mongol takeover was far more abrupt than the extended process of conquest in China
2. Mongol conquest was something that had never been seen before
3. In Persia, farmland was destroyed and peasants were kicked off land; however, in China, farmland had been protected
4. The Mongols in Persia were transformed far more than their counterparts in China. The Mongols who conquered Persia became Muslim w/ no widespread conversion in China.
5. Mongols in Persia used Persian bureaucratic system and allowed some Persians to rule. Nothing like this occurred in China and most administration was outsourced to Muslims.
6. In Persia some Mongols turned to farming and married Persians. In China no intermarriage occurred and no Mongols converted to farming.
7. In Persia when the Mongol dynasty collapsed the Mongols were not driven out of Persia as they had been in China.

Opinions? Am I missing something? Too much?

Elizabeth BB

2/11/2014 08:54:24

Here's what I have
MQ7) Mongols changed China: -While the Mongols’ invasion of north China was brutal and devastating, their invasion in Southern China was less violent and more focused on accommodating the local population
-For example, they guaranteed landowners estates in exchange for their neutrality or support
-The outcome was a unification of a divided China, persuading many Chinese to see Mongols as a legitimate authority
China changed Mongols: - In taking over Southern China, they had to accommodate to Chinese culture and ways of governing
-Gov’n: They made use of Chinese administrative practices, techniques of taxation, and postal system
-They also gave themselves a Chinese dynastic title and transferred capital to modern day Beijing
-Khubilai Khan’s policies evoked values of a benevolent Chinese emporer as he improved roads, built canals, lowered some taxes, patronized scholars and artists, supported peasant agriculture, etc.
-Culturally: -Khubilai Khan honored ancestors with Chinese- style tablets and names
-Mongol khans made use of traditional Confucian rituals as well as supporting Daoist and Buddhist elements

Caleb Crowder

5/11/2014 11:13:51

additionally, for the Mongols affect on China, you could add that the increased encouragement of trade and merchants left a mark on China, as well as the rest of the Eurasian world, which led to transcontinental exchange that was not seen before hand. ( also i would like to say that your first two answers seem more like you explaining how something happened and not so much how this caused change within the Chinese civilization ). You could also add the fact that China, at least in the short term, provided new military tactics that changed how the mongols attacked, which was o so important in the raiding of Russia. that one is sort of obvious but it's still usable

Allie Elkhadem

2/11/2014 10:19:59

Did the Mongols facilitate the spread of religions? Or no?

Elizabeth

2/11/2014 10:54:38

Yes- the Mongols' religious tolerance drew missionaries and traders from afar that brought foreign religions.Also, the capital was a cosmopolitan city with places of worship for Buddhists, Daoists, Muslims, and Christians.

Bingham

2/11/2014 10:38:46

Allie, as for religion and spreading, yes and no. Their securing the trade routes and general religious tolerance facilitated the process (unintended consequences). But they didn't deliberately spread religion.

By the way, I had already answered mq2!

Bingham

2/11/2014 10:39:45

I uploaded the comparative essay planner to the AP writing page.

Allie Elkhadem

2/11/2014 10:53:29

I made a mind map for this chapter. Hopefully it helps.

https://cacoo.com/diagrams/WLU6UDRL1At15tXx-516D3.png

https://cacoo.com/diagrams/WLU6UDRL1At15tXx

Bingham

3/11/2014 11:38:54

Okay guys, if you don't want to do it my way, you'd better find a way on your own...'cause most of you are drowning with the end of curves coming soon. Get serious.

Aidan

4/11/2014 09:02:35

hey can anybody help me with MQ#4

Isabella Jarosz

4/11/2014 10:33:58

Here's what I got:
Did the history and society of the East African Masai people parallel that of Asian nomads?
-no large states or chiefdoms developed among the people of East Africa
- Masai bound together by the ties of village and clan as opposed to family
- Masai did not fully abandon cultivation until the 18th/19th century
- Both the Masai and Asian nomads regularly traded with agricultural neighbors

Aidan

4/11/2014 14:20:19

Thanks

Aidan

4/11/2014 10:18:11

Here is my take on MQ#6 What accounts for the political and military success of the Mongols?
On the military front:
-the Mongol army was better led, organized, and disciplined in comparison to the army's of their opponents.This combined with the flow of wealth and technology from conquered civilizations, as well as a reputation for ruthless brutality and wonton destruction allowed for further expansion.
-the mass conscription of conquered nomads and agricultural peoples into the Mongolian military compensated for their own small population.
On the Political front:
-The identification and distribution of skilled craftsmen through out the empire facilitated the spread of technological advancements.
-An elaborate census system combined with a highly effective system of relay stations facilitated the taxation of conquered peoples, quick communication through out the empire, and increased long distance trade.
-The acceptance and support of many religious traditions and practices (i.e Buddhism, Christianity,Islam, and Daoism) as long as they didn't become the focal point of political opposition allowed Muslims to seek out converts among Mongol troops, and gave Christians much more freedom than they had experienced while under Muslim rule.
-While they themselves held the highest administrative positions, the Mongols allowed Chinese and Muslim officials to occupy lower-level positions in China and Persia respectively.
If anyone finds something that I missed please let me know.

aidan

4/11/2014 10:48:29

*wanton

Bethany

4/11/2014 14:08:50

Looks good to me on the political front. You could shorten down the bit about the identification and distribution of skilled craftsmen..... to encouraged commerce. Here's some things you can add to the reasons for military success:

-the impressive discipline and loyalty shone by soldiers to their leaders.
-the Mongols acquired and incorporated Chinese techniques and technology of siege warfare
-they had an impressive ability to mobilize both the human and material resources of their growing empire
-The Mongols formed a driving ideology of uniting the whole world under one Mongol empire.

Caleb Crowder

5/11/2014 11:29:58

So i notice in Aidan's first answer to this question here he touches on this loyalty you discussed in saying that they were disciplined. Additionally, he adds, in the same answer, the idea that wealth and technology from conquered civilization is put to good use. This goes along the same lines as what you said about the Chinese style technologies and techniques that Mongols drew upon. The main differences i see here is really that you were not only more specific, but you also split one answer into two. So my questions would be A: are both levels of specificity good? or just one or the other?
and
B: would this be good to use as two answers because, worded the right way, they can be seen as one. So given that Bethany seems to have accurately split it into two distinct answers i would say it is but I'm not 100% sure ( which on this test I need to be 100% sure )

so if you have a answer to either question then please tell me; however, I'm pretty sure on the second one so it doesn't matter quite as much.

Bethany

5/11/2014 12:55:52

Caleb, Aidan also split the answer into military and political didn't he? I think loyalty and discipline to a leader is different from just having self discipline, which is why I made a more specific comparison. Also, Aidan did mention that they used technology from conquered peoples, I just think it's important to mention that in this case the the technology that strayer is referencing is military technology. Thats what makes it relevant to the question. So I guess you don't have to be so specific as to mention the Chinese, just make sure that you mention military technology not just technology. Thats just my view on it though. Its not a big deal anyways. I guess all in all I prefer being more specific to make sure my answers aren't vague. It just clarifies things for me like the discipline thing.

Caleb Crowder

5/11/2014 13:12:33

OK cool thanks for the feedback. better be safe than sorry i guess and worse thing that could happen if you go too specific is you could get all the points and then have extra stuff whereas being to broad may not get all the points, so i guess you are right.

22/12/2017 16:50:36

LALA

Bethany

4/11/2014 14:42:09

MQ9: How was the Russian experience of Mongol domination different from that of Persia or China? Sorry if the way I formatted this is weird, my computer is doing weird things. Not sure how y'all will see this. The stuff after the dashes are main points, the stuff after the colons supports the main points.Here's what I got:

-The Mongols didn't inhabit Russia, instead they ruled from the nearby steppes

-Because they didn't live in Russia, the Mongols experienced far less cultural influence from from the Russians than they did from the peoples of Persia and China

-The Mongols had the greatest influence on Russia
:Russian princes adopted Mongol weapons, diplomatic rituals, court practices, taxation systems, and their military draft.
: Mongol policies strengthened the hold of the Russian Orthodox Church, allowing them to extend their influence into rural areas.
: Russia was united through the courier service
: Moscow emerged as a leading tribute collector, setting it up to be the nucleus of a new Russian state once Mongol rule receded.

-Exploitation in Russia was highly uneven
: Some people such as princes, nobles, and the Russian Orthodox Church benefited others didn't.
: Some cities were destroyed, others were undamaged.

Bethany

4/11/2014 14:42:56

Okay good the formatting worked out this time.

Bethany

4/11/2014 14:49:26

MQ10: In what ways did the Mongol empire contribute to the globalization of the Eurasian world?

-The Mongols promoted commerce
:their empire provided a relatively secure environments for merchants making the difficult journey across Central Asia between Europe and China.
:The Mongol trading circuit was a central element in an even larger commercial network that linked much of the Afro-Eurasian world.

-The Mongols prompted diplomatic relationships from one end of Eurasia to the other
:These relationships contributed to a dawning European awareness of a wider world

-Mongol policy forcibly transferred thousands of skilled craftsmen and educated people from their homelands to distant parts of the empire
:This facilitated the exchange of ideas and techniques (ex. Chinese technology and artistic conventions such as painting, printing, and gunpowder weapons flowed Westward, Muslim astronomers shared their knowledge with the Chinese, plants and crops spread)

-The Mongol's facilitated the spread of religion through their policy of religious tolerance and their support of merchants both of which drew missionaries and traders from afar.

Bethany

4/11/2014 15:03:42

And last but not least: MQ11: Disease changes societies. How might this argument apply to the plague?

-Labor shortages caused by major population decrease led to conflict between scarce workers seeking better pay and conditions and the rich, who didn't want to comply.

-One way this conflict expressed itself was through peasant revolts, which undermined the practice of serfdom.

-Labor shortage fostered a great interest in technological innovation in Europe

-The shortage of labor created more employment opportunities for women

-The plague was a factor in the collapse of the Mongol empire as Mongol cities declined, population contracted, and the volume of trade across the Mongol world decreased.

-The critical Central Asian trade route closed due to the collapse of the Mongol empire, which, along with the European desire to avoid Muslim intermediaries, provided an incentive for Europeans to take to the seas as an alternate route to reaching Asia. This was the beginning of a process that built European maritime power, which in turn made possible those hallmark ,strong, naval based European empires.

Caleb Crowder

5/11/2014 12:48:30

OK, we now have all the Margin Questions down and accounted for ( although discussion on them may continue ). What we are very evidently lacking of on this forum, however, are big picture questions. Now i understand that it is quite past the weekend and that the "golden time to study" has past, but that doesn't mean that we can't at least still try to get everything down. So I will start with the first big picture question and move through them chronologically as i answer them myself. feel free to contribute with your own as i go though.

Big Picture Question #1: Prior to the rise of the Mongols, in what ways had pastoral peoples been significant in world history?

-Pastoralist in general allowed for human dominion over previously uninhabitable arid and mountainous regions, thus making a big impact on world history.

-The vengeful invasions of China by the Xiongnu, allowed by a newly found centralization and hierarchy, not only greatly affected China, in terms of social policies, it also brought about a new ideology of unity, never before seen in pastoral societies, that integrated it's self in many pastoral societies to follow.

-Another impact on world history is that of the large influential empires created by the largely nomadic Turks and Arabs.

-The Arabs, probably having the largest impact on world history as far as pastoralist go, creation of Islam which spread and fostered itself all across Eurasia.

-The Turkic spread and adoption of Islam too is representative of pastoralist impact on world history. Along with this spread of Islam, through military force, came with it the spread of many Turkic cultures that lasted in many civilization around, such as China drinking watered down yoghurt.

-Finally, the elements of masai culture that was adopted into many east African civilization to follow.

Essentially, the cultural, militaristic, and political elements of many pastoral societies before the mongols, primarily Xiongnu, Arab, and Turks have left a lasting impact that has been a huge source of interest in world history, the biggest of which being the spread of Islam.

I understand that there are a lot more facts i could use to answer this question but i find it just gets kind of repetitive and that all and all you are answering the same main points. If you can, however, find a main point that I am missing here then please do not hesitate to tell me because I would love to know. ( and that the whole reason for posting on the forum anyway, isn't it.)

Caleb Crowder

5/11/2014 13:08:34

Moving on to the next one, let me try and answer BP#2

Big Picture Question #2: What accounts for the often negative attitudes of settled societies towards the pastoral peoples living on their borders? Why have historians often neglected pastoral peoples' role in world history?

From the view point of the settled agriculturalist, the pastoral peoples seem to be doing everything that they have lived and grown up knowing as barbaric. Settled societies, with their strict social life (mainly patriarchal), live in a common consensus that women are subordinate to men and that peasants have their place below the elites. This paired with their ideas of cleanliness and politeness, due to their living in permanent home and lack harsh climates like that pastoral peoples often face, gives them a stuck up attitude towards anything different. So, to them, when they see an outsider, who lives in few garments and carries his women as an equal to him (I apologizing for sounding really sexist there I'm just communicating their views), they see this as barbaric, which is not helped when these people go and raid the settled peoples towns and cities, which makes them seem warring and non peaceful (which to a large extent they were). These ideas then transferred to many historians due to the fact that winners write history and in this case the winners were the settled agriculturalist. This along with the fact that many literate writers, who gave what was seemingly the best representation of the time, were the winners and there were very few, if any, literate writers in the pastoralist societies that discussed things of that nature.

Again, any additions would be appreciated and i will pick this back up tomorrow because I've been studying since i got home and i have other homework to do. Please feel free though to continue on and answer any of the other BP questions. I know we have grown to ignore them because Mr. Bingham hardly uses them on the test; however, you never know when he might use one and it's always helpful to actually understanding the content instead of just learning to memorize and recite, and besides, understanding is the best form of memorizing.

Bingham

5/11/2014 22:33:56

"Hardly ever use them on the test" really?

Caleb Crowder

5/11/2014 22:37:21

well... compared to how often you use the margin questions. but your right that was poor wording on my part.

Caleb Crowder

6/11/2014 09:20:16

Here is my answer for BPQ. It was one of the harder ones for me, however, I think i got it. If you have anything to add then please do.

Big Picture Question #3: In what ways did the Mongol empire resemble other empires, and in what ways did it differ from them? Why did it last a relatively short time?

The Mongol empire, like the Roman empire, grew of its own momentum. Meaning it had no plan going forward and it only reacted as circumstances arose. This is unlike other empire however, such as the Persian, Chinese, or European. The Mongol empire also came into power much faster than any other empire. Also, The Mongol empire had an army that was disciplined and organized unlike anyone before it. Additionally, the Mongol empire promoted specialization and trade just as much as, if not more than, other empires of that time (although the reason was for wealth as oppose to furthering the economy). The mongols elaborate political affairs, such as their complex census taking, diligence towards taxation, and intricate relay system, resemble such complexities as seen in other empire.

I'm sure there is more, including an argument about social status, however, I'm not exactly sure how to write it and i think that the answer is good as it stands so far but i would highly appreciate some additions to what has been said.

Caleb Crowder

6/11/2014 09:44:47

Now to move onto BPQ4 in which the key word here is different.

Big Picture Question #4: In what different ways did Mongol rule affect the Islamic world, Russia, China, and Europe?

Islamic world)

-Ideology of religious tolerance helped to spread religion.

-Initially brought devastation to the land, and caused famine due to broken irrigation systems.

-Led considerably ruthless attacks and raids on many cities.

-Mongols in that region eventually converted to Muslim, thus by spreading the religion even more and giving reason to fix the region.

Russia)

-Completely devastated many cities for afar, as they found it fit to stay from occupying the region

-The distance, preventing cultural exchange to the Mongols, paired with the new technologies from China led to massive amounts of destruction which left Mongols cultural imprint on Russia and not the other way around

-Mongols policies, such as diplomatic rituals, court practices, the taxation system, etc. were adopted by the Roman empire and facilitated the rise of Moscow as the capital of Russia.

-Finally, these policies allowed the rise of the Roman orthodox catholic church, which grew greatly in power.

China)

-The conquering process took about 70 years which was much longer than any where else.

-Effects differed from north to south

-Southern china domination war not nearly as violent as Northern China which was no where near that of Russia.

-concern to accommodate the local population was well considered

-Ultimately helped out the nation for it resulted in the unification of a divided China, through policies towards land owners and peasants.

-took many aspects of a benevolent leader, although the people who were conquered where still clearly subordinate

Europe)

-Threats to raid Europe and occasional attacks on the periphery caused Europe to take quick and careful diplomatic relations.

-These attempts to make peace with the Mongols, although all failures, did bring about new diplomatic relations with eastern Asia that Europe had been left out of for ages.

-overall resulted in new cross Eurasian trade that greatly benefited Europe in the long run and is part of what helped Europe become the next prominent super power.

yet again replies and discussion would be appreciated. Of course these are just bullet point answers and i feel as if some of them need some further clarification to accurately answer the question.

Caleb Crowder

6/11/2014 10:00:50

Now for BPQ5. This one seems somewhat easier as it is clearly discussed in the chapter but i feel as though some long term effects might be left out so please check me on that.

Big Picture Question #5: How would you define both the immediate and the long-term significance of the Mongols in world history.

Immediately it would seem as though the Mongols would leave a huge impact on the world to come and would change much of what is there. Now in some sense it did drastically change a lot. In the beginnings of the Mongols rule of China many laws and ideologies were changed. Merchants became a prominent fact for as oppose to the previous Confucianism ideals which downplayed Merchants in society. Taxes rose, other civilizations, such as Persia, entered the governing system, and cultural view mixed. The same such things happened in many of the conquered regions: Persia lost many political systems to begin with and agriculture was ruin, Russia fell into political disunity, from which it was already teetering on the edge. However, despite all this, The briefness of the moment and ability of the civilizations to re-establish control meant that many of these changes did not stick. In fact, the Mongol religion has no reference of spreading at all, mainly due to Mongols lack of desire to spread it. Culturally the Mongol empire left no imprint of it's own at all. However, it did give rise to some very important lasting changes. The increase in globalization that followed the decline of the Mongol empire was mainly due to some of these immediate changes that took place. The encouragement of trade, for tax routes, meant that people not only interacted all across Eurasia, but it also meant that people from many different cultural aspects were willing to come into the heart of the Mongol empire. thus by increasing communication between Europe and Asia and spreading religions all throughout the empires. This paralleled with the new diplomatic relations that Europe was able to achieve meant a world more interconnected than ever before.

I think i answered this one pretty well, however, a lot of it was done through elaboration and not through new details. So if you have any new details to add then please do.

Bethany

6/11/2014 12:25:54

I found a few other points for the long term part. Input is welcome.

-Mongol rule facilitated the strengthening of Moscow and thus the rise of an new, enduring Russian state.

-The Mongol spread of the Bubonic Plague stimulated a European interest in technological innovations reduce physical labor. Europe today continues this tradition of technological innovation.

-The disruption of Mongol trade routes resulted in Europeans taking to the sea. This was the beginning of rising European maritime power, which was used later in World History to construct a large naval empire.

Caleb Crowder

6/11/2014 13:22:15

Oh theses are great long term effects thank you for adding them. I'm just thinking as I have now studied every single part of this chapter and i feel as if i have dissected it, that there is one huge story going on backed with lots of evidence and details and throughout all of this there a questions and comparisons that can be made to which the answer could lie anywhere in the story. It just sort of eye opening to see all the separate parts and how these parts can be used to answer different things given the right context like you did here. Thanks again for commenting( i was really doubting anyone would).

Caleb Crowder

6/11/2014 10:06:36

Finally, I have answered all but one BPQ and going over the last one now I see that it is less factual based and more just a review of how the chapter was presented. Now i don't personally think that it will help that much in terms of understanding but I'm going to answer it in my own notes anyways. If anyone really wants it posted on here then i, or hopefully someone else, but seeing as how i doubt anyone will ask for it I'm going to leave it out. So please go over my previous comments and don't be afraid to reply. Better ask a question late and figure it out the day before than not at all.

Bungham

6/11/2014 22:36:53

Good for you Caleb. (my emoji auto fill just suggested a picture of a cake 🎂 for your name! So happy birthday for doing strayer right 👉) I'm sure it will pay off on the test. Now do this by Sunday night and it will live in your long term memory.

Wait for it...the Mongols!

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