Dealing with Industrialization, Strayer 19

7/2/2015

Here for those who want it...
In this chapter, you should focus on how Strayer presents three main ideas.
1. A refocusing of racism in the 19th century West.
2. The variable impact of Industrialization on Asian empires.
3. The reasons for the collapse of the previously vibrant Ottoman and Chinese empires.
4. The reasons for Japan's rise to its position as an industrial superpower, and to compare Japan's experience with that of China.
Happy hunting!

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11 Comments

James O.

7/2/2015 10:29:37

Hey guys! I am finally back up on the forum! I find this chapter very interesting but had some issues when trying to answer MQ 8: In what different ways did various groups define the Ottoman Empire during the 19th century? Will be posting more of my answer soon!!!

Bingham

7/2/2015 11:31:24

How about this?
The Young Ottomans defined the empire as a secular state whose people were loyal to the dynasty that ruled it, rather than a primarily Muslim state based on religious principles. In the middle decades of the nineteenth century, this group argued that the empire needed to embrace Western technical and scientific knowledge, while rejecting its materialism. In pursuit of these goals, the group argued that it was possible to find in Islam itself the basis for freedom, progress, rationality, and patriotism.

During the reactionary reign of Sultan Abd al- Hamid II, a second identity took shape, in which the empire was defined as a despotic state with a pan- Islamic identity.

Opposition to Abd al-Hamid II coalesced around another identity associated with the Young Turks, who were led by both military and civilian elites. They largely abandoned any reference to Islam and advocated instead a militantly secular public life. Some among them began to think of the empire as neither a dynastic state nor a pan-Islamic empire, but rather as a Turkish national state.

Bingham

7/2/2015 11:39:26

BPQ2: What differences can you identify in how China, the Ottoman Empire, and Japan experienced Western imperialism and confronted it? How might you account for those differences?

Both China and the Ottoman Empire became more reliant on Western finance than Japan.

Both China and the Ottoman Empire experienced occupation of some of their territory by Western military forces; Japan did not.

China, the Ottoman Empire, and Japan all were forced by Western powers to sign unequal treaties or capitulations, but Japan eventually was able to renegotiate its treaties in its favor.

All three launched modernization programs, but Japan’s was more thorough and more successful than those of China and the Ottoman Empire, turning Japan into a modern, united, industrial nation.

A number of factors can explain the differences in how they experienced Western imperialism, including the amount of internal strife within each state, the strategic and economic importance to European powers of the Ottoman Empire and China as compared to Japan, and the relatively late and fortuitous timing of Japan’s interactions with Western powers.

Bingham

8/2/2015 09:25:24

Did I say three main ideas, and then list four? Oops.
I'm on my way to see John Lewis of MLK fame speak at the Hobby, so good luck guys!

Kimani

8/2/2015 10:02:54

This is what I got for MQ1:
In what ways did the Industrial Revolution shape the character of nineteenth-century European imperialism?

-because productivity in industrial technology was rising, Europe needed more extensive raw material and agricultural products which they obtained from other countries

- it made Europe need to sell its own products because it was producing more goods than Europeans could afford to buy themselves.

- eventually, european investors found it more profitable to invest their money abroad than at home

- it lead to the resolving of class conflicts without having to turn to revolution to do so

-thanks to the industrial revolution and its nationalism, imperialism became more popular

- imperialism was facilitated with industrial innovation such as the steamship, the underwater telegraph and breech loading rifles

Kimani

8/2/2015 10:47:59

MQ2:
What contributed to changing European views of Asians and Africans in the nineteenth century?

-the industrial revolution unlocked the secrets of nature and made european society incredibly wealthy, in turn, Europeans developed secular arrogance and changed their notions of religious superiority

- racism became based on modern science- they believed that like plants, people had hierarchies of race

- they believed European expansion was inevitable because European whites were superior and naturally needed to dominate weaker races. They thus went in a civilizing mission, bringing Christianity, good government, work discipline, education, clothes, etc.

- The idea of social darwinism made imperialism, war, and aggression, seem natural and progressive. They believed in survival of the fittest.

Kimani

8/2/2015 11:07:07

MQ3:
What accounts for the massive peasant rebellions of nineteenth-century China?

-the massive population growth and the failure of agriculture production keeping up with such population lead to smaller farms, growing pressure on lands, poverty, and starvation

-China's bureaucratic system could not keep up with the population growth and in turn could not preform any of its functions such as tax collection, public security, flood control, and social welfare. This lead to social corruption, and harsh treatment of peasants.

-rebellions were caused by grieving peasants who found leadership in charismatic leaders who proclaimed a millenarian message

- the rejection of confuscianims, daoism, and buddhism and the ideology of a unique form of christianity

-and also and opposition to the qing dynasty and it's foreign poisoning of China

Bella

24/1/2016 22:44:42

I know Im not part of this class but when you said "grieving peasants", I think that you meant their grievances. A grievance is defined as:"a real or imagined wrong or other cause for complaint or protest, especially unfair treatment."

Bingham

25/1/2016 06:03:00

Hey Bella, this is actually last year's class. We'd love to hear from you though, just find the page at what>stayer questions>chapter 18.

Kimani

9/2/2015 12:39:00

MQ4:
How did Western pressures stimulate change in China during the nineteenth century?

-British introduced Chinese to addictive powers of Opium

-Treaty of Nanjing lead to China giving up Hong Kong to Britain, opening up 5 ports up for trade, relieving import tariffs, and granting the right to foreigners to live in China under their own law

- Britain's victory in the 2nd Opium war lead to the opening up of more ports, allowing foreigners to travel and buy land in China, opening up the country to Christian Missionaries, and allowing Western powers to control some of China's interior water ways

-France and Japan defeating China lead to China losing control of Vietnam, Korea, and Taiwan

-At this point, western nations, including japan and Russia have all carved out a piece of China and now they coud build railroads, set up military bases, and extract raw materials

- because of the western pressure, China could not advance in modernization or industrialization

Elizabeth

9/2/2015 13:51:23

MQ5) Why was China unable to respond effectively to mounting pressures from the West in the 19th century?
•Conservative leaders feared that industrial/commercial development would erode power & prestige of landlord class
•New industries became dependent on foreign machinery
•Regional Chinese officials who controlled empires sought to strengthen their own position instead of the nation as a whole
•Western powers & Japan brought down Boxer Rebellion and imposed payment as a punishment on China, it was clear that China was dependent on foreigners and under their control
•Highly ineffective & foreign Qing Dynasty – extensive reforms were “too little to late”
•Chinese nationalism against foreigners & foreign Qing Dynasty arose in those that admired Western technology/science but thought political practices that limited the ruler’s authority and allowed more people to participate in public life. Many others blamed them for many of China’s 19th century disasters

Dealing with Industrialization, Strayer 19

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