Colonialism, Strayer 18

4/2/2018

Bingham

4/2/2018 15:05:37

n what way were “race” and “tribe” new identities in colonial Africa?

Before the colonial period, African peoples had long recognized differences among themselves based on language, kinship, clan, village, or state, but these were seldom sharp or clearly defined.

The idea of an Africa sharply divided into separate and distinct “tribes” was in fact a European notion that facilitated colonial administration and reflected their belief in African primitiveness.

But while Europeans may have created or sought to impose these categories, Africans increasingly found ethnic or tribal labels useful; this was especially true in rapidly growing urban areas, where migrants found it helpful to categorize themselves and others in larger ethnic terms.

Chloe Shupe

4/2/2018 18:53:33

MQ5. What was distinctive about European colonial empires of the nineteenth century?
- The prominence of race in distinguishing the rulers and the ruled
- The extent to which colonial states were able to penetrate the societies they governed
- Their ways of classifying and counting their subject people
- The use of gender to define themselves and their newly acquired subjects
- Colonial policies contradicted their own core values and their practices at home to an unusual degree

Are there any points I should add or any points I should go into more detail?

Bingham

4/2/2018 20:12:27

Very nice.

Chloe Shupe

4/2/2018 21:47:59

MQ3. In what different ways was colonial rule established in various parts of Africa and Asia?
- India and Indonesia - colonial conquest grew out of earlier interaction with European trading firms
- Africa, Southeast Asia, and Pacific islands - colonial conquest came later and more abruptly and deliberately than in India or Indonesia
- Australia and New Zealand - similar to earlier colonization of North America than to contemporary patterns, conquest was accompanied by large-scale European settlement and disease
- Westward expansion of the US - overwhelmed Native American populations, forcing them onto Indian Reservations and involved the country in an imperialist war with Mexico
- Taiwan and Korea - Japan's conquest of these territories was similar to European actions, allowing them to join the "imperialist club"
- Central Asia - Russians brought millions under European control and expanded their territory
- Philippines - new colonial ruler when US took over from Spain following the Spanish-American war of 1898
- Liberia - freed US slaves migrated to West Africa where they became a colonizing elite

Should I go into more detail for each territory?

Ariya

4/2/2018 23:00:15

MQ2: what contributed to the changing European views of Asians and Africans in the nineteenth century?
- with the emergence of the industrial age, Europeans developed secular arrogance that fused and replaced their notions of religious superiority. After they had gained much more knowledge of nature, created a society with great wealth and then produced unmatched military power, they began to judge the world by this criteria.
- Europeans used modern science to express a new kind of racism which they viewed the culture and achievements of Asians and Africans through, and used to support their racial preferences and prejudices.
- as these ideas of inferiors and superiors in race began to spread in Europe, the germ theory of disease was accompanied by fears that, contact with "inferior" peoples threatened the health and biological future of the more advanced "superior" peoples.
- as the evolutionary thinking of Charles Darwin became known, social Darwinism emerged and applied the survival of the fittest concept to humans, believing that European dominance inevitably came with the destruction of backward, unfit, peoples and races.

am I missing anything?

Chloe Shupe

6/2/2018 13:43:41

I also had this point for this question:

- The White Man's Burden - the idea that it was the duty of the "superior" race to civilize the "inferior" races by bringing Christianity to the heathen, good government to disordered lands, work discipline and production for the market of "lazy natives," a measure of education to the ignorant and illiterate, clothing to the naked, and healthcare to the sick, all while suppressing native customs than ran counter to western ways of living

But I don't know if that answers what the question is asking

Bingham

6/2/2018 13:58:41

I think it's pretty good.

Chloe Shupe

6/2/2018 13:45:35

MQ9. How were the lives of African women altered by colonial empires?
- Men controlled the profitable aspects of cash-crop agriculture, increasing the subsistence workload of women
- Left to control the domestic economy almost entirely alone
- Had to supply food to men in the cities to compensate for their low wages
- Took over traditional male tasks of breaking the ground, milking cows, and supervising the herds
- Sought closer relations with their families of birth rather than their husbands' families
- Introduced labor-saving crops, adopted new farm implements, and earned some money as traders
- Established self-help associations, such as prostitutes and brewers of beer
- Entered small-scale trading of food stuffs, cloth, and inexpensive imported goods
- Gained considerable economic autonomy
- Became independent heads of household in the absence of their husbands
- New opportunities in mission schools, towns, and mines

Should I condense this answer or add more points?

Chloe Shupe

6/2/2018 20:28:10

MQ12. What were the attractions of Christianity within some colonial societies?
- Military defeat shook confidence in the old gods and local practices, fostering openness to new sources of supernatural power
- Christianity was widely associated with modern education, and in Africa mission schools were the primary providers of this education
- Oppressed groups in African societies (young, poor, women, etc.) found new opportunities and greater freedom in association with missions
- Spread of Christianity was through African teachers, catechists, and pastors that brought the faith to remote villages and local communities that begged for a teacher and supplied the labor and materials to build a church

Chloe Shupe

6/2/2018 20:37:30

MQ13. How and why did Hinduism emerge as a distinct religious tradition during the colonial era in India?
- Intellectuals and reformers began to define their religion's varied beliefs, practices, sects, rituals, and philosophies as a more distinct unified religion know as Hinduism
- Effort to provide India a religion equivalent to Christianity
- Accessible tradition with historical worth
- Offered a means of uplifting the country's village communities
- Offered spiritual support to a Western world mired in materialism and militarism

Is there anything I should add?

Tamara Wattenbarger

6/2/2018 22:39:44

MQ1: In what ways did the Industrial revolution shape the character of nineteenth century European imperialism?
-v. effective new technology meant a new and urgent need for raw materials, which were lacking in Europe, so they had to hit up other continents
-Europe, with a lot of things to sell for the first time besides silver, needed someone to buy their goods. They ended up exporting 60% of their cloth
-European investors found it made more sense economically to invest money overseas(Can someone explain why? thank you!)
-Wealthy Europeans saw it as a way to smooth over class conflicts without revolutions or having to give up their money
-NATIONALISM!! Colonies became a symbol of "Great Power" and status for a nation, so getting one become important to national pride even if the colony wasn't worth much economically or politically
-With the new inventions from the industrialization, europeans were able to do the things mentioned above on a scale never seen before (steam powered ships, underwater telegraph, malaria vaccine, machine guns)

Bingham

Welcome class of 2020. Some years students collaborate in this space effectively, some years not so much. One thing I know, collaboration significantly enhances learning. If you want access to my thoughts, this is the collaboration space to use. Most people propose an answer to margin questions, big picture question, or anything else related to managing Strayer. Other people can then comment leading to a stronger answer. I'll keep an eye on these pages, and pop in when I think you need me.

Colonialism, Strayer 18

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